What drives currencies?

April 7, 2009 — Mitul Kotecha

Currency forecasting is never an easy thing to do. The drivers of currencies appear to change over time making it quite tough to develop forecasting tools with great accuracy. This is not an excuse from someone who has been trying to analyse currencies for a number of years but just a statement of reality. Over the past year or so one of the biggest drivers of currencies has been risk appetite. As equity markets sank in 2008 the main winners were the dollar and yen both of which appreciated due to strong repatriation flows and safe haven demand. This influence of risk in determining currency movements saw historical influences such as interest rate differentials pushed into the background.

Where does it leave FX now? Well, if the rally in equity markets continues it implies that both the dollar and yen will fall further whilst long suffering currencies such as the pound will strengthen further. In the pound’s case it has a lot of room to recover given that is massively undervalued by many measures. For instance during my time in Hong Kong the pound against the dollar has dropped by around 30% making things look far more expensive than when I first came. However, to a foreigner UK assets now look quite well priced and London is no longer such an expensive city. Add in the steep drop in house prices and the UK looks even more competitive. This will no doubt benefit the economy in time.

So if the current risk/FX relationship holds it means that we should all be watching equity markets to see where currencies are going to move over coming months. If equity markets fail to sustain their rally it could put the dollar back on the front foot which will see the pound back under pressure. Eventually the dollar will weaken as risk appetite improves and when that happens the pound may be one of the main beneficiaries.

Ps. I hope this works as I am posting this article on holiday. It also means that my contributions may be a bit more sporadic over the next couple of weeks.

Posted in Currencies, Economics, equity markets, Financial crisis. Tags: , , , , , , . 4 Comments »

Spinning the G20

April 4, 2009 — Mitul Kotecha

There seems to been a lot of spin put on the amounts of money pledged in the wake of the G20 summit in London. A lof the money appears to have already been committed and the actual amount of new discretionary fiscal spending is a lot less than the $5 trillion in fiscal spending that was announced.

Even the $1.1 trillion that was all over the headlines in terms of the “additional programme of support” looks overblown. Immediate contributions will only amount to $250 bn and much of this has already been pledged prior to the summit. The timing of the rest is unclear. The $250 bn in SDR‘s will simply be created from thin air, rather like printing money and most of the the $250bn in trade finance will come from the private sector.

Concerns about the actual amount of new money from the G20 meeting may lead to reassessment of the initial euphoria in markets seen last week.

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More delay from the ECB

April 3, 2009 — Mitul Kotecha

Once again the European Central Bank (ECB) left markets hanging following its decision to cut interest rates by less than the market expected. Unlike the Bank of England which has been quick and aggressive in cutting interest rates and adopting unconventional policy the ECB has lagged behind due in large part to the difficulty in forging a consensus with so many council members involved in the decision making progress.

The ECB put off a decision to introduce new unconventional monetary policy tools until the May meeting due to the opposing views of various council members which in the end resulted in an unstable compromise. Although ECB President Trichet kept the door open to further easing the room is now limited, with another cut to 1% possible at the May meeting.

This will be less important and less influential on the economy compared to potential new measures that could include purchasing more commercial paper and corporate debt, widening the pool of collateral accepted in market operations and increasing the maturity of loans to banks. Buying government debt still seems unlikely given the technical problems in doing so.

The euro rallied against the US dollar following the ECB’s decision due to the fact that European interest rates remain relatively high compared to the US but a stronger euro will not come as good news for Eurozone exporters who are struggling in the face of a collapse in global demand.

The ECB may have put off the decision to another day but it will not be able to escape forever. The May meeting will be crucial to determine just how quickly Europe’s economy will recover. At the moment the lack of strong action suggests a delay in recovery compared to the US.

Posted in central banks, Currencies, Economics, Europe, UK. Tags: , , . Leave a Comment »

Tough week ahead

March 30, 2009 — Mitul Kotecha

It looked as though it all went wrong today as the bad news just kept on coming. Following reports on Friday that JP Morgan and BoA had a more difficult month in March following a stronger start to the year, reports that UBS would be shedding thousands of staff and would announce billions more in writedowns as well as news of the takeover of a Spanish regional bank by the Bank of Spain hit market sentiment hard. Topping all of this were comments by the US administration that some banks would need more capital in addition to that already provided. The administration also said that bankruptcy may be the best option GM and Chrysler.

This sets up a difficult week ahead, with risk aversion set to rise further and the news unlikely to get any better. Economic news is likely to add to the market’s gloom as US releases such as the ISM manufacturing survey for March and the jobs report will likely reveal further deterioration. Expectations for another hefty drop in payrolls in March could see a total of over 5 million jobs lost so far in the current cycle with many more to go.

The news in Europe will not be much better and as today’s Eurozone sentiment indicators have shown the outlook for the economy remains gloomy. The ECB is likely to cut interest rates but will refrain from embarking on the quantitative easing policies followed by other central banks such as the Fed or BoE. As risk aversion rises the USD is set to continue to strengthen against most currencies this week.

Posted in bank rescue, central banks, Currencies, Economics, equity markets, Europe, Financial crisis, UK, US, US administration. Tags: , , . 6 Comments »

Even Geithner would like a global currency

March 26, 2009 — Mitul Kotecha

Around the same time as I was writing about the end of the US dollar US Treas Sec Geithner was telling us how he actually liked the idea of a global currency as purported by China’s central bank governor. Of course the news didn’t go down too well in the FX markets, with the dollar dropping like a stone before Mr Geithner realised the error of his ways and clarified his comments. He went on to say the dollar is still the best reserve currency in the world but added a caveat that this would only continue if the economy and markets got back on their feet. The pros and cons of a new reserve currency have now been much debated and as noted in my previous post it will provide great fodder for markets at the G20 meeting in London next week.

As usual we are all in for disappointment, however. There will be no great change in perspective on the dollar or any other currency as UK PM Brown hinted today. Instead G20 officials will do their best to show an act of unity whilst sniping at each other’s stimulus plans in the background. Do not expect conrete policy measures emerge either. It has been a rare occassion when such get togethers yield more than a nice photo shoot of world leader.

On a completely different note it is intriguing to see how deep the loss in wealth has become when the likes of the comedian John Cleese are renegotiating their divorce settlements. A local free Hong Kong newspaper put it as the “battered rich want divorce terms slashed”.  Battered indeed.

Posted in Currencies, Economics, US administration. Tags: , . Leave a Comment »
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