US dollar slips as yields pull back

May 30, 2013 — Mitul Kotecha

Market sentiment deteriorated overnight as equity markets in the US and Europe declined while commodity prices also dropped. US yields slipped which undermined the USD. Growth downgrades by the IMF and OECD did not help especially given the weaker growth trajectory for some emerging market countries.

Meanwhile, two central banks did not follow the now usual pattern of easing, with the Bank of Canada leaving policy on hold and Brazil’s central bank hiking policy rates although Thailand cut interest rates. A lack of first tier data releases today will limit activity although the tone will likely remain relatively downbeat.

Having failed to take break through 1.3250 at the beginning of the month the EUR/USD will end the month on a softer note. EUR/USD in particular has been very sensitive to yield differentials and the widening in the US Treasury yield advantage over German bunds has been consistent with a drop in the currency pair. In this respect further direction will come from bond markets.

While Eurozone data releases are becoming less negative as reflected in manufacturing confidence data earlier this week and likely to be seen in various economic and business confidence indices today this is in stark contrast to US data releases which highlight strengthening in recovery notwithstanding a likely downward revision to US Q1 GDP today. Consequently it is difficult to envisage EUR/USD strengthening much from current levels, with 1.3030 seen as a strong resistance level.

A narrowing in Australia’s yield advantage, declining terms of trade, weaker China data and a relatively firm USD index have all contributed to AUD weakness. Additionally weak domestic data have fuelled expectations that the RBA will cut interest rates. However, a rate cut at next week’s policy meeting is unlikely especially as the drop in AUD will help ease financial conditions allowing the Reserve Bank of Australia to wait to examine further data before cutting rates again sometime in Q3 2013.

The AUD may find some short term stability around current levels, with support around AUD/USD 0.9528. While technical indicators remain bearish a lot of bad news is already in the price. Further out, I expect the AUD to rebound as reflected by the fact that my quantitative model shows that the AUD/USD is oversold relative to its short term fair value while short speculative positioning is reaching extreme levels.

GBP is another currency that has been battered by a strong USD but while it has lost ground versus the USD over recent weeks it has held up against other major currencies. GBP/USD has rallied overnight as US yields have pulled back but this may prove temporary, with the currency pair vulnerable to a drop below 1.5000 over coming days.

Against the EUR the picture looks more constructive. My quantitative model shows that GBP looks particularly good value against the EUR, with the model producing a “strong sell” signal for EUR/GBP. Limited data releases in the UK this week will mean that GBP takes its cue from gyrations in the USD and EUR while markets look ahead to next week’s manufacturing purchasing managers’ index and the Bank of England policy decision

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After the storm

May 27, 2013 — Mitul Kotecha

As last week’s volatility in Japanese markets demonstrates central banks do not have it all their own way. Unfortunately for Japan the risk remains that policy makers spur higher yields without accompanying growth, an outcome that would be highly undesirable, especially if it hits economic activity. Equity markets and risk assets in general came under pressure and safe havens found long lost bids, with core bond yields moving lower and JPY and CHF strengthening.

The heightened volatility in markets was also partly triggered by concerns about the timing of the tapering off of Fed asset purchases, with Fed Chairman Bernanke setting the cat amongst the pigeons by with commenting about the possibility of reducing asset purchases over the next few meetings. Additionally weaker than forecast Chinese manufacturing confidence data came as another blow to markets. While the market reaction looked a tad overdone in it is notable that the dichotomy between growth and equity market performance has widened over recent weeks.

This week is likely to begin on a calmer note, with holidays in the US and UK today. Data releases in the US will remain encouraging , with May consumer confidence likely to move higher although US Q1 GDP is likely to be revised slightly lower to 2.4% due an inventories hit. In Europe, while the trajectory of recovery is starting from a much lower base there will be some improvement in business confidence in May while inflation will be well contained at 1.3% YoY in May, an outcome that will maintain room for more European Central Bank policy easing. In Japan a sixth straight negative CPI reading will highlight jus how difficult the job is for the Bank of Japan to meet its inflation target.

The JPY was a major beneficiary of last week’s volatility helped by short covering as speculative positioning in the currency reached its lowest level since July 2007. A calmer tone to markets ought to ensure that JPY upside will be limited and USD buyers are likely to emerge just below the USD/JPY 100 level. In contrast the EUR has been surprisingly well behaved despite the fact that speculative EUR positioning has also dropped sharply over recent weeks. While the overall trend is lower EUR/USD will find some support on any dip to around 1.2795 this week.

AUD and NZD have been particularly vulnerable in the wake of higher risk aversion and weak Chinese data. Some calm ought to ensue over coming days, with AUD prone to short covering given the sharp drop in speculative positioning in the currency over recent weeks. Asian currencies have similarly been under pressure. Some stabilisation in risk appetite will give relief to Asian currencies this week as will a relatively firm CNY.

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Catching a falling knife

May 21, 2013 — Mitul Kotecha

USD/JPY’s pull back is proving short lived as Japanese Economy Minister Amari attempted to backtrack from his earlier comments that warned about the negative impact of a weaker JPY on “people’s lives”. His comments today suggest that Japan’s stance on a weaker JPY has not changed.

Nonetheless, there may be some consolidation in the near term as likely inaction from the Bank of Japan at it policy meeting this week will mean no new stimulus. While no policy change ought to be unsurprising given recent aggressive actions it appears that the market has become addicted to stimulus.

In any case US Treasury yields will need to be eyed for further USD/JPY direction, with a break of the psychologically important 2% level in the 10 year Treasury a likely trigger for a further up move in the currency pair.

GBP has held up well on the crosses while like many other currencies has faced a resurgent USD. Little impact on GBP is expected from today’s April CPI inflation data especially given that any expected decline is set to prove temporary (Bloomberg consensus 2.6% YoY).

More importantly a likely more optimistic set of Bank of England MPC minutes on Wednesday and rebound in April UK April retail sales on Thursday will provide GBP will further support although we suggest looking for any upside on the crosses rather than versus USD.

Is it time to buy AUD? While I don’t want to be accused of catching a falling knife AUD looks reasonably good value especially against other commodity currencies, especially NZD and CAD. While there have been plenty of negative factors pressuring the currency including prospects for more RBA rate cuts, weaker commodity prices, and softer domestic and Chinese data, much of this is in the price.

My AUD/USD quantitative model estimate based shows that it is oversold relative to its short term fair value estimate. Moreover, speculative positioning according to the CFTC IMM data has turned negative for the first time in almost a year. The RBA May meeting minutes (the meeting during the RBA surprisingly cut its cash rate to 2.75) reelased today did not change this perspective given that markets have already priced in one more rate cut in the cycle.

Asian currencies will likely continue to retrace some of their recent losses in the near term. However, domestic factors and growth worries will provide an importance influence, with the IDR for instance failing to benefit from any USD pull back as the government continues to wrestle with a fuel subsidy cut. Meanwhile, weaker than expected growth in Thailand in Q1 2013 cast a shadow over many Asian currencies as concerns of a wider growth slowdown in Asian intensify.

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US dollar surges through key levels

May 13, 2013 — Mitul Kotecha

Demand for risky assets continues to strengthen as reflected in various indicators including my Risk Aversion Barometer which has moved deeper into risk loving territory while equities remain on an upward trajectory. Central banks are providing the main source of support for investor risk appetite, with a combination of lower policy rates and quantitative easing providing a major fillip.

Additionally various central banks appear to be talking down their currencies and/or intervening (note RBNZ and Riksbank) adding to the downward pressure versus USD. In Japan’s case the G7 appeared to give its blessing to Japanese policy over the weekend, aiding in the decline in the JPY.

Usually the USD would not benefit in times of improving risk appetite but it is finding plenty of support from the fact that Fed policy is set to diverge with other central banks, with the currency breaking key levels against major currencies including EUR (below 1.30), JPY (above 100) and AUD (below 1.00). The surge in US Treasury yields is underpinning the USD helped by firmer US economic data in particular on the jobs front.

According to a Wall Street Journal article over the weekend the Fed is already formulating an exit strategy from QE although the timing is still being debated, another factor supporting the USD at the beginning of this week. Various Fed speeches over coming days will likely provide more clues on any timing or plans for an exit policy. Meanwhile, higher US yields and a firmer USD continue to pile on the pressure on gold prices.

There may be a little caution in pushing the USD higher this week as US data releases are likely to look softer, with retail sales, industrial production and housing starts set to record declines. Nonetheless, any pull back in the USD or yields may simply provide better levels for investors to go long the USD and short Treasuries especially as data elsewhere will not look much better. Indeed, while in Europe there will be a likely bounce in the German ZEW investor confidence index in May, Q1 Eurozone GDP will record a contraction for the sixth consecutive quarter.

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NZD hit by FX intervention

May 8, 2013 — Mitul Kotecha

Following previous warnings threatening intervention to weaken the NZD the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) intervened to sell the currency. The impact was sharp, with NZD falling versus USD and against key crosses including AUD. The NZD has been one of the best performing major currencies this year although its appreciation of 1.33% is not dramatic. However, going back to its cyclical low in March 2009 NZD had appreciated by a massive 72.6% versus USD prior to today’s intervention.

Previous warnings by RBNZ governor Wheeler include a speech in February when he noted that the “kiwi is not a one-way bet”. However, he noted that while the central bank is prepared to intervene to weaken the NZD any intervention would “only attempt to smooth the peaks”.

The last time that the RBNZ confirmed that it had intervened was way back in June 2007 when NZD/USD was trading around 0.75. The intervention failed to prevent further NZD strengthening until late July 2007 when the kiwi slid around 17% against the USD but this fall was notably not due to FX intervention.

Although Wheeler noted today that the RBNZ is capable of more intervention he added the intervention is “designed to take the top off the currency” consistent with his earlier comments. The bottom line is that more smoothing is likely but a significant push to change NZD direction is highly unlikely. The overall trend in NZD is likely to remain gradually upwards although gains will likely be more gradual given likely market caution over further RBNZ smoothing operations.

Taking a broader view the RBNZ is playing a similar game to many other central banks in attempting to weaken or at least prevent strength in their currencies. The Bank of Japan (BoJ) is clearly succeeding in finally weakening the JPY, while the RBA in part cut policy rates yesterday due to the strength of the AUD. While a full blown currency war remains unlikely currency frictions are picking up. I prefer to play the latest move in NZD by selling it versus AUD where we I see more value.

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